Fiber-Optic Cable:-A fiber-optic cable is made of glass or plastic and transmits signals in the form of light.Light travels in a straight line as long as it is moving through a single uniform substance.
In fiber optic technology, the medium consists of a hair-width strand of silicon or glass, and the signal consists of pulses of light.It has a cylindrical shape and consists of three concentric sections: the core, the cladding, and the jacket.
The core, innermost section consists of a single solid dielectric cylinder of diameter d1 and of refractive index n1. The core is surrounded by a solid dielectric cladding of refractive index n2 that is less than n1.The cladding is surrounded by a jacket made of plastic. The jacket is used to protect against moisture, abrasion, crushing and other environmental hazards.
Optical fibers are available in two varieties; Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) and Single-Mode Fiber (SMF).For multi-mode fiber the core and cladding diameter lies in the range 50-200µm and 125-400µm, respectively. Whereas in single-mode fiber, the core and cladding diameters lie in the range 8-12µm and 125µm, respectively.
Advantages:-
1.Higher bandwidth.:-Very high data rate, low error rate. 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) over distances of kilometers common. Error rates are so low ,negligible.
2.)Less signal attenuation.
3.)Difficult to tap, higher reliability of this medium.
4.light weight:-Much thinner (per logical phone line) than existing copper circuits.
5.Not susceptible to electrical interference (lightning) or corrosion (rust).
6.Greater repeater distance than coax.
7.)Resistance to corrosive materials. Glass is more resistant to corrosive materials than copper.
Disadvantages:-
*)installation and maintenance.
*)Difficult to tap. It really is point-to-point technology. In contrast, tapping into coax is trivial. No special training or expensive tools or parts are required.
*)One-way channel. Two fibers needed to get full duplex (both ways) communication.
*)Cost. The cable and the interfaces are relatively more expensive than those of other
guided media.
In fiber optic technology, the medium consists of a hair-width strand of silicon or glass, and the signal consists of pulses of light.It has a cylindrical shape and consists of three concentric sections: the core, the cladding, and the jacket.
The core, innermost section consists of a single solid dielectric cylinder of diameter d1 and of refractive index n1. The core is surrounded by a solid dielectric cladding of refractive index n2 that is less than n1.The cladding is surrounded by a jacket made of plastic. The jacket is used to protect against moisture, abrasion, crushing and other environmental hazards.
Optical fibers are available in two varieties; Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) and Single-Mode Fiber (SMF).For multi-mode fiber the core and cladding diameter lies in the range 50-200µm and 125-400µm, respectively. Whereas in single-mode fiber, the core and cladding diameters lie in the range 8-12µm and 125µm, respectively.
Advantages:-
1.Higher bandwidth.:-Very high data rate, low error rate. 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) over distances of kilometers common. Error rates are so low ,negligible.
2.)Less signal attenuation.
3.)Difficult to tap, higher reliability of this medium.
4.light weight:-Much thinner (per logical phone line) than existing copper circuits.
5.Not susceptible to electrical interference (lightning) or corrosion (rust).
6.Greater repeater distance than coax.
7.)Resistance to corrosive materials. Glass is more resistant to corrosive materials than copper.
Disadvantages:-
*)installation and maintenance.
*)Difficult to tap. It really is point-to-point technology. In contrast, tapping into coax is trivial. No special training or expensive tools or parts are required.
*)One-way channel. Two fibers needed to get full duplex (both ways) communication.
*)Cost. The cable and the interfaces are relatively more expensive than those of other
guided media.
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