File-processing system and a DBMS

File-processing system and a DBMS:-
a.)Both systems contain a collection of data and a set of programs which access
that data. A database management system coordinates both the physical
and the logical access to the data, whereas a file-processing system coordinates
only the physical access.
b.)A database management system reduces the amount of data duplication by
ensuring that a physical piece of data is available to all programs authorized
to have access to it,whereas data written by one programing a file-processing
system may not be readable by another program.
c.)A database management system is designed to allow flexible access to data
(i.e., queries), whereas a file-processing system is designed to allow predetermined
access to data (i.e., compiled programs).
d.)A database management system is designed to coordinate multiple users
accessing the same data at the same time. A file-processing systems usually designed to allow one or more programs to access different data files at
the same time. In a file-processing system, a file can be accessed by two
programs concurrently only if both programs have read-only access to the
file.